Ground Response Analyses

When an earthquake occurs, seismic waves propagate in all directions. Ground Response Analyses (GRA) permit to evaluate and analayze the seismic waves propagating from the bedrock to the surface through the overlying soil deposit.

GRA starts with the selection of ground motions consistent with the seismicity at the project site. The selected records can be scaled or modified in the frequency domain. The input motions are then applied at the base of the model.

One-dimensional (1D) GRA can be performed for regular soil stratigraphies. For sites with complex stratigraphy and topography, two-dimensional (2D) or three-dimensional (3D) GRA may be necessary.

GRA permit to compute, at different depths, acceleration-velocity-displacement time-histories, response spectra, strain and stress time-histories, etc.

Material models varies from linear-elastic to sophisticated cyclic non-linear models.

​

​

​

​